Английский язык. Методические указания для студентов 2 курса строительного факультета - 20 стр.

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20
(3) The type of the constructional works depends on the obstacle. At present there
are more than twenty types of constructional works which can be divided into two main
groups: bridges and tunnels.
(4) A bridge is erected at the intersection of the road with a river or other water ob-
stacle. But if a barrier is a narrow stream or a temporary channel it is much cheaper to
construct a culvert. There are different types of bridges, such as viaducts, overbridges and
trestle bridges. To cross canyons and ravines people build viaducts. A one-level traffic
junction and a heavy traffic flow call for an overbridge providing traffic on more than one
level. A trestle bridge is built in cities when a traffic flow is affected by the houses, parks,
industrial areas. As a rule a trestle bridge is rather long.
(5) The tunnel types of constructional works are divided into tunnels driven through
the mountain ranges and galleries located on the mountain slopes. They protect roads from
stone downfalls, snow slips, avalanches, driftings and wet landslides. They are less com-
plicated constructional works.
Ex. 8. Search the text for the English equivalents of the following Russian
phrases:
вместо, на пересечении, стихийные бедствия.
Ex. 9. Go back to the text, guess the meaning of the following phrases and
translate them into Russian:
(constructional works) are aimed to…, a temporary channel, a one-level traffic junc-
tion.
Ex. 10. Go back to the text and using the paragraph reference find words
which are similar to:
various, to defend, track structure, therefore, to comprise, artificial (paragraph 1);
overall, building (paragraph 2);
nowadays, to split, major (paragraph 3);
short-lived, to demand, to influence, usually (paragraph 4);
to situate (paragraph 5).
Ex. 11. Translate the following sentences picked out from the text paying at-
tention to different meanings of the word ranges.
Constructional works are the most complicated ones and involve great expenses.
Their share ranges from 15 to 20 per cent of the total capital investment for the road con-
struction.
The tunnel types of constructional works are divided into tunnels driven through the
mountain ranges and galleries located on the mountain slopes.

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