Пособие по переводу английской научно-технической литературы. Орлова Г.Д. - 150 стр.

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maintains a balance between the organization's needs for planning and control, and his

subordinates’ need for autonomy and flexibility.

The planning process

Planning is a systematic activity that can be enhanced by following a prescribed

series of steps.

Define objectives: The first step in the planning process is to identify the purpose

of the plan. Stating objectives in concrete form helps determine the plan's direction.

Objectives should be concrete, achievable, and measurable. If possible, objectives

should be described quantitatively, but qualitative objectives are better than no

objectives at all. When formulating objectives, you should think in terms of why the

plan is necessary. This forces you to think of specific goals, their relationship to other

jobs and activities within your department, and their link with the more general aims of

the organization.

Determine tasks: After defining the objectives of the plan, specific tasks must be

determined. You should answer the question: What must be done to achieve the stated

objectives? Here is where the manager will have his rigor tested. If you are ambiguous

in stating the objectives of your plan, you will find it almost impossible to identify the

tasks that are necessary for executing the objectives.

Evaluate personnel: This phase in the planning process relates to the manning of

the plan. A check of the capabilities and qualifications of staff members will enable you

to determine which areas must be strengthened, decide whether or not training will be

necessary, and identify people who will be crucial to the success of the plan. As part of

this phase, you should designate the upper-level personnel who will be required to

advance the plan. Specific questions to be answered include: Who must authorize the

plan? Who should be put in charge of developing the plan? Who will coordinate the

various aspects of the plan? What capabilities will be required to execute the plan, and

which staff members possess these capabilities? If certain capabilities are not available,

how can they be obtained?