Пособие по переводу английской научно-технической литературы. Орлова Г.Д. - 153 стр.

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Ambiguous objectives: Another obstacle to good planning is the lack of clear

objectives toward which the planning is being directed. The situation is even worse

when the objectives are inappropriate or just plain wrong.

Inadequate information: Having too much, too little, or the wrong information is

a major barrier to planning.

Developing planning skills

The barriers to planning are really excuses for not planning. Overcoming them is

crucial to managerial success. The best way to accomplish this is to become a good

planner. Here are some practical tips:

Consider each of the people the plan will affect. Viewing the plan from these

people's standpoint will reveal how it might affect their objectives, needs, and personal

interests, and will facilitate getting their support in adopting the plan.

Provide alternative options in case the original plan isn't adopted.

Learn to anticipate change. Just because a course of action produced satisfactory

results in the past does not necessarily mean it will work again. While change cannot

always be precisely predicted, it can be anticipated.

Don't be afraid to take calculated risks. Risk taking is an integral part of

management. Advancement to higher-level management positions is partly contingent

on the manager's record of taking risks.

Establish priorities so that long-range as well as short-range objectives can be met.

The immediate or easy projects will always beckon first, but the hard distant ones

usually produce the biggest payoffs.

Make plans known to those involved, thereby avoiding communication

breakdowns. Information withholding is seen as a powerful game in many quarters. By

keeping others in the dark, the manager holds his cards close to the chest because it

makes him feel privy to information that is denied others. But such a practice is

guaranteed to turn peers and subordinates against him.

Establish appropriate measures at the time a plan is prepared, so that evaluation of

the plan proceeds smoothly.