World religions. Рахимбергенова М.Х. - 20 стр.

                                UN I T FOU R                                                  – achieving of the aim or a skill you have learnt on achievement you have
                                                                                         made.
Part I                                                                                        – live, have as one’s home.
                                                                                              – place of punishment after death.
                                        Islam                                                 – person who teaches religion and claims that his teaching comes to him
      Islam, the Arabic word for “submission” to the will of God (Allah), is the         directly from God.
name of the religion originating in Arabia during the 7th century A.D. through                – place of perfect happiness; the Garden of Eden.
the Prophet Mohammed. Followers of Islam are known as Muslims, or Mos-
lems, and their religion embraces every aspect of life. They believe that indi-          Task 2. Match the words in the box with their definitions.
viduals, societies, and governments should all be obedient to the will of God as               Hijra                              Mecca
it is set forth in the Koran, which they regard as the Word of God revealed to                 Ramadan                            Islam
his Messenger, Mohammed. The Koran teaches that God is one and has no                          Muslim                             Allah
partners. He is the Creator of all things, and holds absolute power over them.                 Koran                              Sharia
All persons should commit themselves to lives of grateful and praise-giving
obedience to God, for on the Day of Resurrection they will be judged. Those                   – The Arabic name of the Supreme Being.
who have obeyed God’s commandments will dwell forever in paradise, but                        – One who adheres to Islam and surrenders to the will of Allah.
those who have sinned against God and not repented will be condemned eter-                    – The sacred book of the Mohammedans, containing the professed revela-
nally to the fires of hell. Since the beginning of creation God has sent prophets,       tions of Allah to Mohammed.
including Moses and Jesus, to provide the guidance necessary for the attainment               – The Arabian city, birthplace of Mohammed, to which the Mohammedans
of eternal reward, a succession culminating in the revelation to Mohammed of             turn in prayer and resort in pilgrimage.
the perfect word of God.                                                                      – The Arabic word for “submission” to the will of God, the name of the re-
      Shari’a is the sacred law of Islam, and applies to all aspects of life, not just   ligion originating in Arabia through the Prophet Mohammed.
religious practices. It describes the Islamic way of life, and prescribes the way             – The ninth month of the Mohammedan year, the great annual Moham-
for a Muslim to fulfill the commands of God and reach heaven. There is an an-            medan fast, kept throughout the entire month from sunrise to sunset.
nual cycle of festivals, including Hijra, the beginning of the Islamic year, and              – The sacred law of Islam.
Ramadan, the month during which Muslims fast during the hours of daylight.
There is no organized priesthood, and ‘great respect is accorded the Hashim              Task 3. Fill in the blanks, using the following words: embrace, regard, sin, fast,
family, descendants of Mohammed, and other publicly acknowledged holy                    judge.
scholars and teachers.                                                                        a) They greeted us with warm … . We … each other.
                                                                                              b) I … it as one of my masterpieces. My … for grew day by day.
Task 1. Find the words that mean the same as the following:                                   c) You have … against the Lord. They believed they were being punished
    – behaviour that is against the principles of morality.                              for their … .
    – to take smb\ smth. Into one’s arms, as a sign of affection or to accept,                d) He … for a whole day every week. During my … I lost fifteen pounds.
make use of … .                                                                               e) … Arnason set Miss Davis free on bail. I am not in a position to … .
    – smth. treated with great respect or reverence.
    – a state in which people can no longer do what they want because of being           Task 4. Complete each of the sentences below with the synonym of one of the
under control of someone else.                                                           following words: holy, compulsory, submissive, praiseworthy, principal, super-
    – to go without food or without certain kinds of food.                               human, essential.
    – supporter, disciple, pursuer.                                                          – The … beliefs of Islam are contained in the creed: “There is no god but
    – to say, with authority, what course of action is to be followed.                   God and Muhammad is the Prophet of God”.
    – doing, willing to do, what one is told to do.
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