Неопределенный интеграл. Руцкова И.Г. - 39 стр.

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4.
{}
.Ra),a;a\R(X ,C
xa
xa
ln
a2
1
xa
dx
22
+
+
+
=
Доказательство.
1)
∫∫
=
=
=
=
22222
a
x
1
a
x
d
a
x
1
a
x
da
a
1
a
x
1|a|
dx
xa
dx
a),(-a,X :X ;
C
a
x
arccos
,C
a
x
arcsin
2
1
+
+
=
a R
+
.
2)
=
+
=
+
=
+
=
+
∫∫
222
2
2222
a
x
1
a
x
d
a
1
a
x
da
a
x
1
1
a
1
dx
a
x
1
1
a
1
xa
dx
0.a ,RX :X
;C
a
x
arcctg
a
1
,C
a
x
arctg
a
1
2
1
+
+
=
3)
()
=
±
=
+
=
±
=
+
∫∫
+
dx
1
a
x
1
a
1
Raесли,
Raесли,
ax
dx
ax
dx
22
2
2
()
=+
±+
=+±
+=
±
=
1
2
2
1
2
2
C
a
axx
lnC1
a
x
a
x
ln
1
a
x
a
x
d
39
              dx               1    a+x
4.   ∫ a2 − x2            =      ln     + C , ∀ X ⊂ ( R \ {a ;− a} ), ∀a ∈ R+ .
                              2a a − x

Доказательство.

                                                                           x                x
                                                                      a ⋅ d                d 
                  dx                        dx                  1          a                a
1)       ∫        2       2
                              =∫
                                                         2
                                                              =∫ ⋅
                                                                a              2
                                                                                    =∫
                                                                                                    2
                                                                                                            =
              a −x                          x                          x                x
                                   |a |⋅ 1−                         1−               1−  
                                            a                          a                a

          x
  arcsin   + C1 ,
           a
=                    ; ∀ X : X ⊂ (-a, a), ∀ a ∈ R +.
             x
  − arccos + C
           a
                    2




                                                                       x
                                                                     d 
       dx      1      1          1        1             x     1      a =
2) ∫ 2     = ∫    ⋅       dx = ∫    ⋅           ⋅ a ⋅ d   = ∫   ⋅
    a + x2     a2      x2        a2       x
                                              2
                                                        a     a       x
                                                                            2
                    1+ 2              1+                          1+  
                       a                 a                           a

 1         x
  a arctg a + C1 ,
=                     ∀ X : X ⊂ R , a ≠ 0.
      1        x
  − arcctg + C ;
   a         a
                     2




              dx                       dx                    +, если a ∈ R +        1               1
3)   ∫                    =∫                         =                         =∫        ⋅                      dx =
              2
             x +a                  2
                                 x ±    ( a)     2           −, если a ∈ R −         a        x 
                                                                                                 ±1
                                                                                                        2


                                                                                              a 
                                                                                                
               x 
             d   

=∫
               a 
                 
                              =ln
                                  x     x 
                                     +      ± 1 + C =ln
                                                              2
                                                          x + x2 ±                           ( a)   2

                                                                                                            + C1 =
                      2            a     a         1
                                                                 a
          x                              
             ±1
          a 
            



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