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§12. òÁÓËÒÙÔÉÅ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ. ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ 95
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 2.
lim
x→0
e
x
− 1
x
=
0
0
= lim
x→0
(e
x
− 1)
0
x
0
= lim
x→0
e
x
1
= lim
x→0
e
x
= 1.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 3.
lim
x→0
e
x
− e
−x
ln(e − x) + x − 1
=
0
0
= lim
x→0
(e
x
− e
−x
)
0
(ln(e − x) + x − 1)
0
=
= lim
x→0
e
x
+ e
−x
−
1
e−x
+ 1
=
1
1 −
1
e
=
2e
e − 1
.
úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÎÙÅ f
0
(x) É g
0
(x) ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÑÀÔ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÔÒÅ-
ÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑÍ, ÞÔÏ É ÓÁÍÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ f(x) É g(x), ÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ. ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍ
lim
x→a
f(x)
g(x)
= lim
x→a
f
0
(x)
g
0
(x)
= lim
x→a
f
00
(x)
g
00
(x)
.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 4.
lim
x→0
1 − cos x
x
2
=
0
0
= lim
x→0
(1 − cos x)
0
(x
2
)
0
= lim
x→0
sin x
2x
=
=
1
2
lim
x→0
sin x
x
=
0
0
=
1
2
lim
x→0
(sin x)
0
x
0
=
1
2
lim
x→0
cos x
1
=
1
2
· 1 =
1
2
.
îÁÐÏÍÎÉÍ, ÞÔÏ lim
x→0
sin x
x
= 1 É ÐÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÕ.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 5.
lim
x→0
x − sin x
x
3
=
0
0
= lim
x→0
(x − sin x)
0
(x
3
)
0
= lim
x→0
1 − cos x
3x
2
=
0
0
=
= lim
x→0
(1 − cos x)
0
(3x
2
)
0
= lim
x→0
sin x
6x
=
1
6
lim
x→0
sin x
x
=
1
6
· 1 =
1
6
.
12.2. òÁÓËÒÙÔÉÅ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ ×ÉÄÁ
∞
∞
. ÷ÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏ-
ÐÉÔÁÌÑ
âÕÄÅÍ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ
f(x)
g(x)
ÐÒÉ x → a ÅÓÔØ ÎÅ-
ÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ
∞
∞
, ÅÓÌÉ
lim
x→a
f(x) = lim
x→a
g(x) = ∞, +∞ ÉÌÉ − ∞.
§12. òÁÓËÒÙÔÉÅ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ. ðÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ 95 ðÒÉÍÅÒ 2. ex − 1 (ex − 1)0 ex 0 lim = = lim 0 = lim = lim ex = 1. x→0 x 0 x→0 x x→0 1 x→0 ðÒÉÍÅÒ 3. ex − e−x (ex − e−x )0 0 lim = = lim = x→0 ln(e − x) + x − 1 0 x→0 (ln(e − x) + x − 1)0 ex + e−x 1 2e = lim 1 = 1 = . x→0 − e−x +1 1− e e−1 úÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÅ. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÎÙÅ f 0 (x) É g 0 (x) ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÑÀÔ ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÔÒÅ- ÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑÍ, ÞÔÏ É ÓÁÍÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ f (x) É g(x), ÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ. ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍ f (x) f 0 (x) f 00(x) lim = lim 0 = lim 00 . x→a g(x) x→a g (x) x→a g (x) ðÒÉÍÅÒ 4. (1 − cos x)0 1 − cos x 0 sin x lim = = lim = lim = x→0 x2 0 x→0 (x2)0 x→0 2x (sin x)0 1 sin x 0 1 1 cos x 1 1 = lim = = lim = lim = · 1 = . 2 x→0 x 0 2 x→0 x0 2 x→0 1 2 2 îÁÐÏÍÎÉÍ, ÞÔÏ lim sinx x = 1 É ÐÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÕ. x→0 ðÒÉÍÅÒ 5. (x − sin x)0 x − sin x 0 1 − cos x 0 lim = = lim = lim = = x→0 x3 0 x→0 (x3)0 x→0 3x2 0 (1 − cos x)0 sin x 1 sin x 1 1 = lim = lim = lim = · 1 = . x→0 (3x2)0 x→0 6x 6 x→0 x 6 6 ∞ 12.2. òÁÓËÒÙÔÉÅ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ ×ÉÄÁ ∞. ÷ÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏ- ÐÉÔÁÌÑ f (x) âÕÄÅÍ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ g(x) ÐÒÉ x → a ÅÓÔØ ÎÅ- ∞ ÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ ∞ , ÅÓÌÉ lim f (x) = lim g(x) = ∞, +∞ ÉÌÉ − ∞. x→a x→a
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