Сборник задач по высшей математике. Часть II. Пределы. Производные. Графики функций. Самохин А.В - 98 стр.

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98 çÌÁ×Á III. äÉÆÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏÅ ÉÓÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 0
0
. ôÁË ËÁË x
x
= e
x ln x
, ÔÏ ×
ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 0 ·, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÒÁÓÓÍÏ-
ÔÒÅÎÁ × ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ 9. óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
lim
x0+
x
x
= lim
x0+
e
x ln x
= e
lim
x0+
x ln x
= e
0
= 1.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 14. îÁÊÔÉ lim
x0
1 + x
2
1
e
x
1x
.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 1
. ôÁË ËÁË
1 + x
2
1
e
x
1x
= e
ln(1+x
2
)
e
x
1x
,
ÔÏ × ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ
0
0
. ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ÐÅÒ-
×ÏÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍ
lim
x0
ln(1 + x
2
)
e
x
1 x
= lim
x0
2x/(1 + x
2
)
e
x
1
=
= lim
x0
2x
(e
x
1)(1 + x
2
)
= lim
x0
2
e
x
(1 + x
2
) + (e
x
1)2x
=
2
1
= 2.
óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
lim
x0
1 + x
2
1
e
x
1x
= e
lim
x0
ln(1+x
2
)
e
x
1x
= e
2
.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 15. îÁÊÔÉ lim
x
π
2
(tg x)
2 cos x
.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ
0
. ôÁË ËÁË
(tg x)
2 cos x
= e
2 cos x ln tg x
= e
2 ln tg x
1/(cos x)
,
ÔÏ × ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ
. ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ×ÔÏ-
ÒÏÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ, ÉÍÅÅÍ
lim
x
π
2
2 ln tg x
1/(cos x)
= 2 lim
x
π
2
ln tg x
1/(cos x)
= 2 lim
x
π
2
1
tg x
·
1
cos
2
x
1
cos
2
x
· (sin x)
=
= 2 lim
x
π
2
sin x
tg x
= 2 lim
x
π
2
cos x = 0.
óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
lim
x
π
2
(tg x)
2 cos x
= e
lim
x
π
2
2 cos x ln tg x
= e
0
= 1.
÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÅÒÅÊÄ¾Í Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÌÏÇÁÒÉÆÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 16. îÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim
x0
1
x
sin x
.
98                                           çÌÁ×Á III. äÉÆÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏÅ ÉÓÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ

   òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 00. ôÁË ËÁË xx = ex ln x , ÔÏ ×
ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 0 · ∞, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÒÁÓÓÍÏ-
ÔÒÅÎÁ × ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ 9. óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
                                                            lim x ln x
                     lim xx = lim ex ln x = ex→0+                         = e0 = 1.
                    x→0+           x→0+
                                  1
     ðÒÉÍÅÒ 14. îÁÊÔÉ lim 1 + x2 ex −1−x .
                      x→0
     òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 1∞ . ôÁË ËÁË
                                 1          ln(1+x2 )
                          1 + x2 ex −1−x = e ex −1−x ,
ÔÏ × ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 00 . ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ÐÅÒ-
×ÏÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍ
     ln(1 + x2)       2x/(1 + x2)
 lim            = lim             =
 x→0 ex − 1 − x   x→0   ex − 1
                          2x                            2              2
              = lim x                = lim                           =   = 2.
                x→0 (e − 1)(1 + x2 )   x→0 ex (1 + x2 ) + (ex − 1)2x   1
óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
                                                 1              ln(1+x2 )
                                       2                    lim
                                                                            = e2 .
                                                                  x
                                            ex −1−x
                        lim 1 + x                      =e   x→0 e −1−x
                       x→0
     ðÒÉÍÅÒ 15. îÁÊÔÉ limπ (tg x)2 cos x .
                            x→ 2
     òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ ∞0. ôÁË ËÁË
                                                                         2 ln tg x
                         (tg x)2 cos x = e2 cos x ln tg x = e 1/(cos x) ,
                                                                                      ∞
ÔÏ × ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ                                ∞.   ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ×ÔÏ-
ÒÏÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ìÏÐÉÔÁÌÑ, ÉÍÅÅÍ
                                                   1
        2 ln tg x           ln tg x                  · 1
                                                 tg x cos2 x
 lim              = 2 limπ           = 2 limπ                    =
 x→ π2 1/(cos x)      x→ 2 1/(cos x)     x→ 2 − 12 · (− sin x)
                                               cos x
                                                           sin x
                                                 = 2 limπ        = 2 limπ cos x = 0.
                                                      x→ 2 tg x      x→ 2

óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
                                                  lim 2 cos x ln tg x
                                   2 cos x        x→ π
                     limπ (tg x)             =e      2                  = e0 = 1.
                     x→ 2

   ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÅÒÅÊÄ¾Í Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÌÏÇÁÒÉÆÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
                                  sin x
   ðÒÉÍÅÒ 16. îÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim x1        .
                                           x→0