Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: природопользование. Тарасова Л.А - 21 стр.

ñëåäóåò, äîëæåí. Ïîñëå ought èíôèíèòèâ âñåãäà óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ñ
÷àñòèöåé to:
     He ought to come. — Åìó ñëåäóåò ïðèéòè.
     Should. Ãëàãîë should â êà÷åñòâå ìîäàëüíîãî ãëàãîëà âûðà-
æàåò îáÿçàííîñòü, æåëàòåëüíîñòü äåéñòâèÿ, ñîâåò, ðåêîìåíäàöèþ.
Íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê should ïåðåâîäèòñÿ ñëåäóåò, äîëæåí, îáÿçàí:
     We should leave right now. — Ìû äîëæíû ñåé÷àñ æå óéòè.
     You should know about it. — Òåáå ñëåäóåò çíàòü îá ýòîì.
     Would. Ãëàãîë would â êà÷åñòâå ìîäàëüíîãî ãëàãîëà âû-
ðàæàåò:
     à) îáû÷íûå è ïîâòîðÿþùèåñÿ äåéñòâèÿ â ïðîøëîì (â ýòîì
çíà÷åíèè îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñèíîíèìîì âûðàæåíèþ used to):
     He would swim in the evening. — Îí îáû÷íî ïëàâàë ïî
âå÷åðàì.
     He used to swim in the evening. — Îí îáû÷íî ïëàâàë ïî
âå÷åðàì.
     á) óïîðíîå íåæåëàíèå âûïîëíèòü êàêîå-òî äåéñòâèå:
     The window would not open. — Îêíî íèêàê íå îòêðûâàëîñü.
     I told you you shouldn't, but you would do it. — ß ãîâîðèë
òåáå, ÷òî íå íàäî ýòîãî äåëàòü, à òû íå ïîñëóøàë
     â) ïðèñóùåå ñâîéñòâî, õàðàêòåðèñòèêó (îáû÷íî âñòðå÷à-
åòñÿ â òåõíè÷åñêîé ëèòåðàòóðå).
     Ñoal would burn. — Óãîëü õîðîøî ãîðèò.
     Need. Need ìîæåò áûòü è ìîäàëüíûì è ïðàâèëüíûì ãëàãî-
ëîì.  êà÷åñòâå ìîäàëüíîãî îí èìååò òîëüêî îäíó ôîðìó è ÷àùå
âñåãî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ:
     You needn't worry. — Âàì íå÷åãî áåñïîêîèòüñÿ.
          Ãëàãîëû to be è to have â êà÷åñòâå ìîäàëüíûõ
     1. Ãëàãîë be + èíôèíèòèâ ñ ÷àñòèöåé to âûðàæàåò íåîáõî-
äèìîñòü, ïðåäóñìîòðåííóþ ïëàíîì, äîãîâîðåííîñòüþ, ðàñïè-
ñàíèåì:
     He is to come to the lab at 10 o'clock. — Îí äîëæåí ïðèéòè
â ëàáîðàòîðèþ â 10 ÷àñîâ.
     2. Ãëàãîë have + èíôèíèòèâ ñ ÷àñòèöåé to âûðàæàåò âûíóæ-
äåííóþ íåîáõîäèìîñòü:
     These laboratories have to buy modern equi pment. — Ýòè
ëàáîðàòîðèè äîëæíû çàêóïèòü ñîâðåìåííîå îáîðóäîâàíèå.



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