Уравнения математической физики. Сборник задач. Даишев Р.А - 11 стр.

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U(x, t) = ϕ(x)
t+x = 0, U(x, t) = ψ(x)
t x = 0, ϕ(0) = ψ(0).
2
U
x
2
+ 6
2
U
x∂y
+ 5
2
U
y
2
= 0
U(x, y) = ϕ(x)
xy = 0, U(x, y) = ψ(x)
5x y = 0, ϕ(0) = ψ(0).
U(x, y) = 3x
2
+ y
2
.
U(x, y) = ϕ(x + y) + ψ(3x y)
U(x, y) = ϕ
0
(x
2
3
y
3
) + 1/2
x+2y
R
x
2
3
y
3
ϕ
1
(x)dx.
U(x, y) =
ϕ
0
(xsin x+y)+ϕ
0
(x+sin xy)
2
+ 1/2
xsin x+y
R
x+sin xy
ϕ
1
(z)dz.
U(x, y) = f(x + y) +
+ 5/6e
x+y
6
"
xy/5
R
x+y
e
z/6
[f
0
(z)dz F (z)] dz
#
.
ξ = 5x y, η = x + y,
ξ
(6U
η
+ U) = 0, 6U
η
+ U = φ(η), φ(η)
U(x, y) = e
x+y
6
[α(x + y) + β(5x y)]
y U
y
=
1
6
e
x+y
6
[α(x + y) + β(5x y)] +
ïî åãî çíà÷åíèÿì íà äâóõ êóñêàõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê: U (x, t) = ϕ(x)
íà îòðåçêå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè t + x = 0, è U (x, t) = ψ(x) íà îòðåçêå
õàðàêòåðèñòèêè t − x = 0, ïðè÷åì ϕ(0) = ψ(0).
   24. Íàéòè ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèÿ:

                          ∂2U     ∂ 2U     ∂ 2U
                              + 6      + 5      =0
                          ∂x2     ∂x∂y     ∂y 2
ïî åãî çíà÷åíèÿì íà äâóõ êóñêàõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê: U (x, y) = ϕ(x)
íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêå x−y = 0, è U (x, y) = ψ(x) íà õàðàêòåðèñòèêå
5x − y = 0, ïðè÷åì ϕ(0) = ψ(0).

                          ÎÒÂÅÒÛ È ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß.

    17. U (x, y) = 3x2 + y 2 .
    Ó ê à ç à í è å. Ñëåäóåò âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ îáùèì ðåøåíèåì
U (x, y) = ϕ(x + y) + ψ(3x − y) äàííîãî óðàâíåíèÿ.
                                            x+2y
                                             R
   18. U (x, y) = ϕ0 (x − 23 y 3 ) + 1/2               ϕ1 (x)dx.
                                           x− 23 y 3
                                                               x−sin
                                                                  R x+y
                    ϕ0 (x−sin x+y)+ϕ0 (x+sin x−y)
   19. U (x, y) =                 2
                                                       + 1/2               ϕ1 (z)dz.
                                                               x+sin x−y
   20. U (x,"y) = f (x + y) +                          #
              x−y/5
               R
      − x+y           z/6     0
+ 5/6e   6            e     [f (z)dz − F (z)] dz .
              x+y
   Ð å ø å í è å. Èíòåãðèðóÿ óðàâíåíèÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèê è äå-
ëàÿ çàìåíó ξ = 5x − y, η = x + y, óðàâíåíèå ïðèâåäåì ê
      ∂
âèäó ∂ξ (6Uη + U ) = 0, îòêóäà ïîëó÷èì 6Uη + U = φ(η), ãäå φ(η)
- ïðîèçâîëüíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ. Èíòåãðèðóÿ ýòî óðàâíåíèå àíàëîãè÷-
íî ìåòîäó âàðèàöèè ïîñòîÿííîé äëÿ îáûêíîâåííûõ ëèíåéíûõ
                                  x+y
óðàâíåíèé, ïîëó÷èì U (x, y) = e− 6 [α(x + y) + β(5x − y)], à äëÿ
                                      x+y
ïðîèçâîäíîé ïî y èìååì Uy = − 16 e− 6 [α(x + y) + β(5x − y)] +

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