Криволинейные интегралы второго рода. - 3 стр.

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§1. ëÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌÙ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÒÏÄÁ 3
ëÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌ 2-ÇÏ ÒÏÄÁ (2) ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÅ
(3)
Z
AB
P (x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy =
x
B
Z
x
A
[P (x, f(x)) + Q(x, f(x))y
0
] dx.
åÓÌÉ ËÒÉ×ÁÑ l ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÉÞÅÓËÉÍÉ ÕÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ x = ϕ(t), y = ψ(t),
ÇÄÅ t
1
6 t 6 t
2
, ÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÍ
(4)
Z
^AB
P (x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy =
t
2
Z
t
1
(P [ϕ(t), ψ(t)] ϕ
0
(t) + Q [ϕ(t), ψ(t)] ψ
0
(t)) dt.
áÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÁÑ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ËÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌÁ 2-ÇÏ
ÒÏÄÁ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ËÒÉ×ÏÊ l. åÓÌÉ ËÒÉ×ÁÑ l ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÕÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ x =
x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t), ÇÄÅ t
1
6 t 6 t
2
, ÔÏ
(5)
Z
^AB
P (x, y, z) dx + Q(x, y, z) dy + R(x, y, z) dz =
=
t
2
Z
t
1
(P [x(t), y(t), z(t)] x
0
(t)+Q [x(t), y(t), z(t)] y
0
(t)+R [x(t), y(t), z(t)] z
0
(t)) dt
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 1. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ËÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌ
Z
l
x dy y dx,
×ÚÑÔÙÊ ÐÏ ÏËÒÕÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÒÁÄÉÕÓÁ R Ó ÃÅÎÔÒÏÍ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ËÏÏÒÄÉÎÁÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
ÏÂÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÔÉ× ÞÁÓÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÅÌËÉ.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÏËÒÕÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÁÍÉ
x = R cos t
y = R sin t
, 0 6 t 6 2π.
Z
l
x dy y dx =
2π
Z
0
[R cos t · R cos t R sin t (R sin t)] dt = 2πR
2
.
§1. ëÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌÙ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÒÏÄÁ                                                  3

ëÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌ 2-ÇÏ ÒÏÄÁ (2) ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÅ
            Z                                 ZxB
(3)              P (x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy =         [P (x, f (x)) + Q(x, f (x))y 0] dx.
            AB                                xA

åÓÌÉ ËÒÉ×ÁÑ l ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÉÞÅÓËÉÍÉ ÕÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ x = ϕ(t), y = ψ(t),
ÇÄÅ t1 6 t 6 t2 , ÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÍ
(4)
  Z                             Zt2
      P (x, y) dx + Q(x, y) dy = (P [ϕ(t), ψ(t)] ϕ0(t) + Q [ϕ(t), ψ(t)] ψ 0 (t)) dt.
^AB                                     t1

   áÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÁÑ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ËÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌÁ 2-ÇÏ
ÒÏÄÁ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ËÒÉ×ÏÊ l. åÓÌÉ ËÒÉ×ÁÑ l ÚÁÄÁÎÁ ÕÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ x =
x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t), ÇÄÅ t1 6 t 6 t2 , ÔÏ
(5)              Z
                         P (x, y, z) dx + Q(x, y, z) dy + R(x, y, z) dz =
                   ^AB
  Zt2
= (P [x(t), y(t), z(t)] x0(t)+Q [x(t), y(t), z(t)] y 0 (t)+R [x(t), y(t), z(t)] z 0 (t)) dt
  t1



   ðÒÉÍÅÒ 1. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ËÒÉ×ÏÌÉÎÅÊÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌ
                          Z
                            x dy − y dx,
                                         l

×ÚÑÔÙÊ ÐÏ ÏËÒÕÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÒÁÄÉÕÓÁ R Ó ÃÅÎÔÒÏÍ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ËÏÏÒÄÉÎÁÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
ÏÂÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÔÉ× ÞÁÓÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÅÌËÉ.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ.
   ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÏËÒÕÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÁÍÉ
                      
                        x = R cos t
                                    , 0 6 t 6 2π.
                        y = R sin t

        Z                   Z2π
            x dy − y dx =         [R cos t · R cos t − R sin t (−R sin t)] dt = 2πR2 .
        l                    0